The psychosocial self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Aim: To analyse psychosocial self‐efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, evaluate associations between self‐efficacy and metabolic control and background variables and determine psychometric properties of the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale (Fin‐DES‐28).Design: A descriptive correlational survey.Methods: The data were collected with the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale from 13–16‐year‐old adolescents with type 1 diabetes (N = 189, 34%) in one university hospital district area in 2014.Results: The level of psychosocial self‐efficacy was quite good. The highest scores were in managing the psychosocial aspects of diabetes, followed by assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change and setting and achieving diabetes goals. The self‐efficacy did not correlate with metabolic control or background variables. A positive association was found between self‐efficacy and understanding of diabetes and its treatment, adjustment of diabetes to life and the relationship with the doctor and the nurse. The internal consistency of the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale was adequate. The low response rate limits generalization

The psychosocial self‐efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Publisher's version (útgefin grein)Aim: To analyse psychosocial self‐efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, evalu‐ ate associations between self‐efficacy and metabolic control and background varia‐ bles and determine psychometric properties of the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale (Fin‐DES‐28). Design: A descriptive correlational survey. Methods: The data were collected with the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale from 13–16‐year‐old adolescents with type 1 diabetes (N = 189, 34%) in one univer‐ sity hospital district area in 2014. Results: The level of psychosocial self‐efficacy was quite good. The highest scores were in managing the psychosocial aspects of diabetes, followed by assessing dis‐ satisfaction and readiness to change and setting and achieving diabetes goals. The self‐efficacy did not correlate with metabolic control or background variables. A positive association was found between self‐efficacy and understanding of diabetes and its treatment, adjustment of diabetes to life and the relationship with the doctor and the nurse. The internal consistency of the Finnish Diabetes Empowerment Scale was adequate. The low response rate limits generalization.Peer reviewe

DNA methylation differences within INS, PTPN22 and IL2RA promoters in lymphocyte subsets in children with type 1 diabetes and controls

Abstract We elucidated the effect of four known T1D-susceptibility associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in three genes (rs12722495 and rs2104286 in IL2RA, rs689 in INS and rs2476601 in PTPN22) on CpG site methylation of their proximal promoters in different lymphocyte subsets using pyrosequencing. The study cohort comprised 25 children with newly diagnosed T1D and 25 matched healthy controls. The rs689 SNP was associated with methylation at four CpG sites in INS promoter: −234, −206, −102 and −69. At all four CpG sites, the susceptibility genotype AA was associated with a higher methylation level compared to the other genotypes. We also found an association between rs12722495 and methylation at CpG sites −373 and −356 in IL2RA promoter in B cells, where the risk genotype AA was associated with lower methylation level compared to the AG genotype. The other SNPs analyzed did not demonstrate significant associations with CpG site methylation in the examined genes. Additionally, we compared the methylation between children with T1D and controls, and found statistically significant methylation differences at CpG −135 in INS in CD8+ T cells (p = 0.034), where T1D patients had a slightly higher methylation compared to controls (87.3 ± 7.2 vs. 78.8 ± 8.9). At the other CpG sites analyzed, the methylation was similar. Our results not only confirm the association between INS methylation and rs689 discovered in earlier studies but also report this association in sorted immune cells. We also report an association between rs12722495 and IL2RA promoter methylation in B cells. These results suggest that at least part of the genetic effect of rs689 and rs12722495 on T1D pathogenesis may be conveyed by DNA methylation